Energy Storage 

The development of energy storage technologies demands precision and innovation to create reliable, efficient, and durable solutions for the evolving energy landscape. Step one on this path is understanding and optimizing the materials that drive performance. From advanced electrode materials to innovative electrolytes, a detailed analysis of your materials is key to ensuring success in energy storage research and development.

At Particle Characterisation Laboratories (PCL), we offer a comprehensive range of state-of-the-art characterization techniques to thoroughly analyze the properties of your materials. Our expert in-house team delivers deep insights into key factors that influence capacity, stability, and efficiency, helping you accurately predict and enhance the performance of your energy storage systems.

Unlock the potential of your materials with PCL’s trusted energy storage characterization services

Energy Storage Research Analysis Techniques

  Dynamic Vapor Sorption (DVS)

DVS measures the mass changes of a material as it is exposed to controlled humidity levels. In energy storage, this is critical for analyzing the hygroscopicity and stability of materials used in batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells, such as solid electrolytes and electrode coatings. Moisture absorption can significantly impact the performance and longevity of energy storage devices.

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Properties revealed:   

  • Water Activity
  • Moisture absorption/desorption
  • Hygroscopicity

Applications:

  • Optimizing storage conditions
  • Stability analysis of electrode and electrolyte materials
  • Designing moisture-resistant coatings
  • Optimizing storage conditions


  Inverse Gas Chromatography (iGC)

IGC evaluates surface properties of materials by analyzing gas interactions with the surface. In energy storage, this technique provides insights into surface energy, adhesion, and wettability, which affect the interaction of electrodes with electrolytes and separators. Optimizing these properties enhances device efficiency and lifespan.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Surface energy
  • Adhesion
  • Wettability
  • Thermodynamic properties

Applications:

  • Enhancing electrode-electrolyte interfaces
  • Improving separator performance
  • Optimizing coating formulations


  Gas Pycnometry

Gas pycnometry measures the true density of materials by determining the volume displaced by gas in a sealed chamber. This technique is vital in energy storage for characterizing the density of electrode powders, solid electrolytes, and composite materials, which directly affects energy density, conductivity, and device performance.

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Properties revealed: 

  • True density
  • Porosity 

Applications:

  • Optimizing electrode formulations
  • Improving energy density
  • Characterizing solid electrolytes

Additional Resources:

  Particle Size Distribution (PSD)

PSD analyzes the size range and distribution of particles using techniques like laser diffraction or dynamic imaging. In energy storage, particle size impacts electrode packing density, conductivity, and reaction kinetics. Controlling PSD is essential for maximizing the performance of electrode materials in batteries and supercapacitors.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Particle Size
  • Shape
  • Distribution

Applications:

  • Improving electrode packing density
  • Enhancing reaction rates, and 
  • Optimizing battery and capacitor performance

Additional Resources:

  Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)

SEM uses a focused electron beam to produce high-resolution images of material surfaces, revealing microstructural details. In energy storage, SEM is crucial for studying electrode morphology, particle agglomeration, and failure mechanisms such as cracking or delamination. These insights help improve performance and durability in energy storage devices.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Surface morphology
  • Microstructure 
  • Defect analysis

Applications:

  • Studying electrode coatings
  • ptimizing nanostructures, ]
  • Analyzing failure mechanisms

Additional Resources:

  Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS)

DLS measures the scattering of light by particles or droplets in suspension, determining their size and distribution based on Brownian motion. This technique is particularly useful in energy storage for characterizing nanoparticles and colloidal suspensions used in advanced electrode materials and electrolytes. Uniform particle size enhances conductivity and energy efficiency.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Particle size & Distribution
  • Zeta potential

Applications:

  • Nanoparticle sunscreen development
  • Stabilizing colloidal suspensions
  • Improving electrode formulations

 

  Volumetric Nitrogen Adsorption

This technique measures the surface area and pore structure of materials by analyzing nitrogen adsorption and desorption. In energy storage, it is crucial for characterizing porous electrodes, separators, and catalyst supports, as porosity and surface area directly influence reaction kinetics and energy density.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Surface area
  • Pore size, and volume

Applications:

  • Designing high-capacity electrodes O
  • Optimizing catalyst supports,
  • Improving separator efficiency

Additional Resources:

  X-Ray Powder Diffraction

XRPD identifies crystalline phases and structural properties by analyzing X-ray diffraction patterns of powdered materials. In energy storage, this technique is used to study crystal structure, phase changes, and stability of electrode materials and solid electrolytes, which are critical for energy storage performance and durability.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Crystallinity
  • Polymorphism
  • Structural stability

Applications:

  • Analyzing electrode materials, 
  • Studying phase transformations
  • Improving solid-state electrolytes

Additional Resources:

  Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)

AFM scans material surfaces at the nanoscale using a sharp tip, providing topographical and mechanical property data. In energy storage, AFM is used to analyze surface roughness, adhesion, and mechanical properties of electrode materials and thin films, helping to improve interface stability and conductivity.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Surface roughness
  • Adhesion
  • Mechanical stiffness

Applications:

  • Enhancing electrode interfaces
  • Characterizing thin-film electrolytes, 
  • Optimizing coatings

 

  Raman Spectroscopy

Raman spectroscopy analyzes molecular vibrations using light scattering, providing a fingerprint of material structure and composition. In energy storage, it is used to study active materials, detect degradation, and monitor structural changes during cycling. It is particularly useful for analyzing carbon-based materials and lithium-ion electrodes.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Molecular structure
  • Stress/Strain distribution
  • Phase composition  

Applications:

  • Monitoring battery cycling behavior
  • Analyzing graphene 
  • Carbon nanotubes,
  • Detecting electrode degradation

 

  Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

DSC measures heat flow associated with phase transitions, such as melting, crystallization, and decomposition. In energy storage, DSC is essential for studying thermal stability and phase changes of electrode materials and electrolytes, ensuring safety and efficiency under operational conditions. 

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Properties revealed: 

  • Melting point
  • Glass transition temperature
  • Crystallization behavior

Applications:

  • Ensuring battery safety
  • Studying electrolyte phase behavior
  • Improving thermal management

Additional Resources:

  Powder Rheology

Powder rheology measures the flow behavior of powders under stress, providing insights into cohesion, compressibility, and flowability. This is critical in energy storage for optimizing the handling and processing of electrode materials, ensuring uniform distribution and consistent performance.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Flowability
  • Compressibility
  • Cohesion

Applications:

  • Electrode material manufacturing
  • Improving powder processing 
  • Optimizing additive manufacturing processes 

Additional Resources:

  Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)

TGA measures weight changes in materials as they are heated, revealing thermal stability, decomposition behavior, and moisture content. In energy storage, TGA is crucial for analyzing the stability of electrode and electrolyte materials under operational temperatures and during cycling.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Thermal stability
  • Decomposition
  • Temperature
  • Moisture content

Applications:

  • Analyzing thermal degradation
  • Improving electrolyte stability 
  • Ensuring battery safety

 

  Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR)

NMR uses magnetic resonance to analyze the structure and dynamics of materials, providing insights into molecular interactions and composition. In energy storage, NMR is used to study ion transport, electrolyte behavior, and solid-state interfaces, aiding in the development of advanced energy storage materials.

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Properties revealed: 

  • Molecular structure
  • Ion transport dynamics
  • Chemical interactions

Applications:

  • Studying emulsifiers
  • Stabilizing complex formulations
  • Ensuring product consistency

Additional Resources:

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