Particle Size Distrubution

 

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Mastersizer 3000

Using a laser diffraction measurement, we can gather the angular scattering intensity data by passing a laser beam through a dispersed sample. With the Mie Theory of Light Scattering, this data can be used to determine particle size. This size is reported as a volume equivalent sphere diameter. 

Particle Size is an important factor in the performance of powders and their use in drug delivery, affecting flowability, dissolution, inhalation, and optical properties.

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Applications & properties measured with particle size distribution

Powder flowability is important in maintaining manufacturing efficiency for many processes. Particle size and particle size distribution analysis are critical to understanding the flow properties of a powder, since these characteristics help predict how particles within the powder will pack and lock together.

Dissolution rates of materials are influenced by the specific surface area of the particulates. Increasing the specific surface area of particles by reducing their size accelerates the dissolution process. This correlation is especially important in pharmaceutical products, where dissolution directly impacts the bioavailability of a drug substance.

Ease of inhalation is a vital criterion, both for preventing human inhalation of harmful particles and to optimize drug deposition in the respiratory tract. For all orally-inhaled and nasal drug products (OINDPs), particle size is a critical parameter, with clear size ranges specified for deposition and retention in the nasal cavity and for penetration to different areas of the lungs.

Optical properties such as the light scattering ability of particles are exploited by paint, coatings and pigments manufacturers. The way a particle scatters light depends on its size, so manipulating the size of particles in a surface coating influences performance parameters such as hue and tint strength, product coverage and gloss.

Specific surface area is typically described in units of m2/g and BET is the most common model for the calculation of surface area. One of the routine experiments carried out by the DVS is to calculate BET surface area of materials using organic vapors as probe molecules. The traditional BET determination includes nitrogen sorption under vacuum conditions. The DVS overcomes these limitations by using a range of organic probe molecules for sorption which can be carried out at ambient and varied temperatures as well as under ambient pressure or under vacuum. This has the advantage of calculating BET surface areas under real conditions, which is useful for material application.

Dynamic Vapor Sorption is a gravimetric technique used to measure the sorption properties of materials using water and organic vapors, used to characterise complex materials used in a range of industries.

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