Volumetric Nitrogen Adsorption

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Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory is commonly used to model the physical adsorption of gas molecules on a solid surface. It uses gas/vapour adsorption data to calculate a specific surface area value, typically expressed in units of area per mass of sample (m2/g). The technique is referenced by several standard organisations such as ISO, USP and ASTM.

Nitrogen is the most commonly employed gas-phase adsorbate for probing surface area and porosity values, along with other less common probing adsorbates such as Argon and Krypton. By preconditioning/outgassing the sample to remove any physisorbed impurities, this process generates the most accurate and repeatable results possible.

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Applications & properties measured with Volumetric Nitrogen Adsorption

Surface Area
Porosity

Surface area impacts the quality and character of solid phase. For instance, materials that have identical weight and volume, may differ in surface activity and adsorption volume according to the specific surface area they exhibit. During certain unit operations, in particular milling, grinding and granulation, the specific surface area of the material can change. These changes can lead to an unintended change in the product performance.

Surface area measurements are commonly measured on a wide range of materials including catalysts, zeolites, MOFs, batteries, absorbents, biomaterials, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, and metal powders over a wide range of industries and academic pursuits.

A material’s porosity is a physical property that impacts the quality and character of solid material. During processing and formulation operations, the porosity of the end product can be altered. This can be intentional or unintentional and lead to expected or unexpected changes in desired material performance.

Porosity measurements are routinely performed on materials and industries including catalysts, zeolites, MOFs, batteries, absorbents, biomaterials, fibers, pharmaceuticals, ceramics, metal powders, cellulose or natural materials, and minerals.

Specific surface area is typically described in units of m2/g and BET is the most common model for the calculation of surface area. One of the routine experiments carried out by the DVS is to calculate BET surface area of materials using organic vapors as probe molecules. The traditional BET determination includes nitrogen sorption under vacuum conditions. The DVS overcomes these limitations by using a range of organic probe molecules for sorption which can be carried out at ambient and varied temperatures as well as under ambient pressure or under vacuum. This has the advantage of calculating BET surface areas under real conditions, which is useful for material application.

Dynamic Vapor Sorption is a gravimetric technique used to measure the sorption properties of materials using water and organic vapors, used to characterise complex materials used in a range of industries.

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